Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Psychology Essay Topics

Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Psychology Essay Topics Following are a few of the advised sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to decide on a great topic for their assignment. For that reason, it's advised to all students who intend to enroll with internet philosophy counseling degree ought to go through all the needed details while filing admission form. Careful planning must write psychology essays. The Basics of Psychology Essay Topics Other instances, like in an abnormal psychology program, might ask that you compose your paper on a particular subject like a psychological disorder. The psychological theory ought to be definitely quoted by the famed psychologist. When you elect for the on the online bachelor's throughout mindsets additionally treatment as a way to look at their specific versatility inside time for you to finish. Online social psychology degree programs have lots of advantages. Type of Psychology Essay Topics Individuals can only de cide for themselves and belive the things that they wa to trust in. Psychology today has a lot of important domains of applications. Development psychology is centered on the lifespan of human beings, so you've got quite a few topics to pick from. Recent studies are conducted on men and women to go over their feelings on acne scarring. Cognitive psychology tackles the distinct mental processes happening in someone's mind. New treatments are being marketed all of the time, and your physician is going to have access to the hottest medical treatments. Finding the correct idea or material for an essay isn't the only challenge you're very likely to encounter. You ought to keep in mind to select something that's in your domain and ensure there isn't much or no room by which you could err. For nearly all people, however, it is going to be hugely beneficial to sit down and structure the essay before beginning writing. It's possible to locate a very good essay example in a couple of distinct places. Psychology essay sample is a beneficial tool for understanding the the heart of the psychology papers. The search for an excellent topic for your psychology essay can be quite frustrating should you not understand where to begin. Some, however, don't appreciate they also have to be certain that the dissertation topics psychology they select must also satisfy their very own specific needs. Are you trying hard to locate a terrific topic for your psychology paper. Another tip isn't to pick a topic which has been discussed from A to Z. In addition, the relevance of the topic for those readers ought to be noted. Some folks are skeptical regarding the validity of sport psychology, but others live by it. There are a lot of reasons esport teams fail to keep performance cultures or best-practices in sport administration. If you volunteer to be a portion of a study clearly you experience an interest and feel a feeling of responsibility to the experiment. By se lecting our on-line provider, you get access to high-quality customized essays written especially for you, taking into account all your requirements and requirements. What Is So Fascinating About Psychology Essay Topics? By way of example, topics include the effect of exercise on mental well-being, how to boost compliance to an exercise program, and the usage of music for motivation during exercise. Quite frequently, you can join a writing service with no writing skills and understanding of the topic you're anticipated to write about. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Tell our experts what sort of homework help on the internet you want to get. Choosing the correct sport psychology dissertation tips for your research is essential if you would like to get to the conclusion of your PhD. The psychology of sports isn't a new location. Clearly, you would need to select a topic which is related to your course, so make sure to choose something which is related to the psychology field. Another intriguing topic within the field of Social Psychology is social identity. PR that are produced in connection with a particular context. Remember that you ought to avoid any kind of opinion or bias when you compose a research paper. Whenever you are utilizing some outside sources to strengthen your argument, bear in mind that you will need to cite the sources and include them in the reference list. So, after you get to learn your topic, immediately proceed to the absolute most time-consuming, however, the most fascinating and cognitive portion of the writing process, called research. What Has to be Done About Psychology Essay Topics Sooner or later, even just an easy essay can become a true never-ending nightmare full of nerves, tension and requirements. Make certain you do not just offer raw facts but in addition introduce your own interpr etation or vision of the issue. Numerous different symptoms are related to depression. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you wind up getting a great grade. An essay will ask you to perform research, gather relevant data, select an exceptional subject, and proofread your paper several times before you really write it. A badly spelt essay just appears stupid, and you'll receive a grade to reflect that. When it has to do with writing a very good psychology essay you will initially have to develop an ideal topic or title to write about. Still questioning whether you're able to write an excellent persuasive or argumentative essay.

Syrian Jets Bombed A Marketplace - 1832 Words

Syrian jets bombed a marketplace in Douma, Syria, killing more than 100 people in August of 2015 (Robins-Early 5). This was an attack that occurred in the midst of the Syrian civil war, a war between the government (President Bashar al-Assad), and rebel civilians. The current civil war revolves around a conflict regarding the balance of power within the country, while an immense number of innocent civilians are being caught in the center of the violence and instability that the brutal war is causing. Over 4 million people have left the country as refugees, while some are unable to escape to horrific violence (Robins-Early 1). Amongst those who are stuck within the country, children are quitting school to make money to support their families, as their parents die in the midst of the war. Innocent people- citizens of the region- are being infected by diseases that have been eradicated for a decade and a half. The Syrian civil war has caused much violence and instability to increase amo ngst the citizens of the war-torn country, as seen through the loss of education and childhood that the children must face, along with the disease epidemics that the entire population must face. The war has caused many innocent deaths, including those of children, and those who are still alive are facing tremendous changes that are affecting their education and childhood. Since its start in March of 2011, more than 70,000 innocent civilians have lost their lives to the war. According to theShow MoreRelatedSyrian Jets Bombed A Marketplace1872 Words   |  8 PagesSyrian jets bombed a marketplace in Douma, Syria in August of 2015 (Robins-Early 5). This was an attack that occurred in the midst of the Syrian civil war, a war between the government (led by President Bashar al-Assad) and rebel civilians. The current civil war revolves around a conflict regarding the balance of power within the country, while an immense number of innocent civilians are being caught in the center of the violence and instability that the brutal war is causing. Over 4 million people

The Politics of International Law for Rights - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Politics of International Law for Human Rights. Answer: Discussion John Gray described that the human rights are basic rights of every people but they will never be a solution to ending conflict. The writer describes the importance of human rights through this line. Internationally the inhuman torture towards the people affected the human rights where the laws are not able to help it. The inhuman treatment and tortures are not accepted in any country though it is continue taking the place. In many countries take several steps to protect the human rights in international law. Globally, the law has implied their statues for prevent the tortures and negative impact. The governments of every country took every attempts and actions for resorts the inhuman behavior. The international human rights organizations, laws and many civil societies have came across for the justification of tortures in human rights. The United Nations Convention Against Tortures is one of the reputed and famous organization which have sorted several issues of inhuman torture in the human rights[1]. Human right means the rights or principals that should be belonged with every person, which describe human behavior and applied as per the legal rights in international law. The human right describes the basic fundamental rights of the human as the citizen of any country. The legislature of every country protects the fundamental rights of the human. The rights can be the civil and political rights and other hands the economic, social and cultural rights also. First in the history, the Geneva Convention introduced the world with their fundamental rights after the World War II. The United Nations Security Council, which is the only organization in UN, also has built some peace and securities for the fundamental rights of the human. There are also some non-government organisation which are deals and fight for establishment of the human rights. The rights are violates when the state produce any conflicts or abuse the fundamental rights of the human[2]. When state violate or breach any of the treaty of the fundamental rights, the conflicts forms. When the situation arises, the United Nations Security Council sorted out the issues. The war, wars of aggressions, war crimes or any breach or crime against the humanity will cause of the violation of the fundamental rights. The inhuman behavior or torture is one of the important issues in human rights. The torture most of time used in the political coercion. In international law, torture is prohibiting because it violates the fundamental rights of the human. In every country the humans are continue straggling for the justice against the inhuman tortures. In Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq and in Egypt, people are continuing suffering several the civil war where the fundamental rights violated. The international law continues taking several movements for preventing the violation of the human rights. The powerful countries like The United States , they have taken the protection of human rights seriously because those countries are able to give the proper security for prevent the violation of fundamental rights. However not other countries have no capability to protects the human rights. The US government has interfered in many countries for providing security for prevent the violation against the human rights. Human right gives people their virtue for empowering the governments, which the common rights of every people[3]. The UN Committee against Torture have took many steps for prevent the inhuman tortures globally. They stated that it would not accept any war or a treat of war where both are included as a torture for the general people, because the internal political issues are the main reasons for the civil war. The general people are affects mostly when a war took place. it is the duty of every states to stop such violation or torture which affect the people. The legislature of every state never allow any torture or inhuman behavior and as well as in international law. the torture of fundamental law is punishable in international law which can be investigate and prosecuted for the punishments. In the Trial Chamber opinion of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in Prosecutor vs. Furundfija the court has describe the prohibition of torture which is one of the most important prohibition rather than treaty laws. The Geneva Conventions of 1949 stated the prohibitions of torture on the both state and non-state armed group as per the Common Article of sec- 3. The prohibitions against the fundamental rights always described in the treaties and jurisprudence in the world's regional human rights systems. In article 3 of the world's regional human rights systems also established and described the prohibitions of torture or inhuman treatment toward the humans. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) described that the fundamental rights are the most common value in the democratic society. Article 5 of the American Convention on Human Rights stated the probations against the violation of human rights. The African Charter on Human and People's Rights not only prohibit the violation but also develop the jurisprudence system which produce the legislature for taking actions against the violation of fundamental rights. United Nations Committee Against Torture ("UNCAT" or "the Committee") is another organization who are work and developed their laws like the African Charter on Human and People's Rights[4]. The Convention Against Torture stated in the article 16 that sometimes the torture inflict the pain and suffered people with cruelty and or inhuman behavior towards the human[5]. When international law prohibits the inhuman cruelty, they are not required to provide any evidence for establishing the purpose. The UNCAT discussed that "the discriminatory use of mental or physical violence or abuse is an important factor in determining whether an act constitutes torture which have clear the sufficient purposes to complete the elements of torture[6]. The requirement that pain and suffering must be inflict intentionally upon the victim who is the sufferer. According to the UNCAT, an objective of element that can be restated as the perpetrator's voluntary engagement in conduct that makes severe pain or suffering objectively foreseeable. The negligent conduct cannot be considered as torture[7]. The requirement imposed by the Convention regarding the consent or acquiescence of a public official to acts of torture does not fully absolve State authorities of responsibility for acts committed by non-State officials or private actors. The Committee has made it clear that when State authorities "know or have reasonable grounds to believe that acts of torture or ill-treatment are being committed by non State officials or private actors and they fail to exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate, prosecute and punish" them, the State bears responsibility for the acts in question "and its officials should be considered as authors, complicit, or otherwise responsible under the Convention for consenting to or acquiescing in such impermissible acts[8]. In Iran homosexual is treated as an offence, which is punishable as death penalty. Penetrative sex between the men in Iraq will give their death penalty. Torturing and killing gays in this country is legal. The international law tried to return people from Iran for relief them from the torture. Sometimes Britain gives asylum to those Iranians. The gay people are sometimes hanged in public without establishment of evidence. This is an extreme example of torture. Europe and US already identified many public campaign in last few years where gay Iranian men are killing in publicly[9]. One of the famous cases of rape of 13-year-old boy who was raped by Ayaz Marhoni and Mahmoud Asgari in Mashhad in 2005 and they are hanged in public. The court did not found any evidence that whether Ayaz Marhoni and Mahmoud Asgar are gay or related however, they were hanged. After few months, the US government found that Iran government doing such acts because they become pogrom against gay people. Again, in November 2007 a man, named Makwan Mouloudzadehare aged about 20, found hanging in publicly in Kermanshah for raping many boys. However, no actual evidence are found of that crime in Iranian Law. The European activists tried to help him and organized a mass petition to Ahmadinejad. However, the Iranian Law denied the petition and he was sent to gallows[10]. Torture is forbidden in International law, though in many countries their law misuses the torture and applies to innocent people. Torture not always treated as physical intimation sometimes damage of mental condition can also treated as torture. The prohibition of torture and other ill-treatment in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights came only three years after the end of the Second World War. Since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the prohibition of torture contained in that proclamation has acquired legal force at the international and regional levels, and has been recognized as customary international law. The absolute legal prohibition of torture, like the prohibition of slavery or genocide, remains securely entrenched at the international level. While the elimination and prevention of torture in our time will continue to require dedicated, multi-disciplinary, and well-synergized efforts by many actors, the fundamental international legal framework prohibiting torture and other ill-treatment remains key to these efforts. Reference "Torture". Nytimes.Com, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/torture. Daems, Tom. "Slaves and statues: torture prevention in contemporary Europe."British Journal of Criminology(2016): azv133. Grans, Lisa. "The state obligation to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment: the case of honour-related violence."Human rights law review(2015): ngv029. Grover, Sonja C. "The Failure to Allow Communications Involving Jus Cogens Violations Where the Complaint Is Against State Non-Parties to the OP3-CRC (Even if a State Party to the CRC and/or One or Both of the First Two Protocols to the CRC)."Children Defending their Human Rights Under the CRC Communications Procedure. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. 147-162. Kearns, Erin M. "The Study of Torture: Why It Persists, Why Perceptions of It are Malleable, and Why It is Difficult to Eradicate."Laws4.1 (2014): 1-15. Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink.Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics. Cornell University Press, 2014. Mendez, Juan E. "How International Law Can Eradicate Torture: A Response to Cynics."Sw. J. Int'l L.22 (2016): 247. Randall, Melanie, and Vasanthi Venkatesh. "The Right to No: The Crime of Marital Rape, Women's Human Rights, and International Law."Brook. J. Int'l L.41 (2015): 153. Solomon, Aaron. "The Politics of Prosecutions under the Convention against Torture."Chicago Journal of International Law2.1 (2015): 50. The Issue Is Torture". Human Rights Watch, 2017, https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/03/31/issue-torture.

Much Ado About Nothing Quotes

'Much Ado About Nothing' Quotes Much Ado About Nothing is one of Shakespeares comedies, with one of the most popular romantic duos of all time. The play has wit, twists, turns - its a comedy. Here are a few quotes from the play. Act I He hath indeed better bettered expectation than you must expect of me to tell you how. (1.1) He is a very valiant trencher-man. (1.1) I see, lady, the gentleman is not in your books. (1.1) In time the savage bull doth bear the yoke. (1.1) Act II Lord! I could not endure a husband with a beard on his face: I hath rather lie in the woollen. (2.1) He that hath a beard is more than a youth, and he that hath no beard is less than a man. (2.1) Speak low if you speak love. (2.1) Friendship is constant in all other thingsSave in the office and affairs of love:Therefore all hearts in love use their own tongues;Let every eye negotiate for itselfAnd trust no agent. (2.1) There was a star danced, and under that was I born. (2.1) Sigh no more, ladies, sigh no more,Men were deceivers ever,-One foot in sea and one on shore,To one thing constant never. (2.3) Act III Our talk must only be of Benedick.When I do name him, let it by thy partTo praise him more than ever man did merit:My talk to thee must be how BenedickIs sick in love with Beatrice. Of this matterIs little Cupids crafty arrow made,That only wounds by hearsay. (3.1) Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps. (3.1) If I see any thing tonight why I should not marry her tomorrow, in the congregation, where I should wed, there will I shame her. (3.2) I tell this tale vilely- I should first tell thee how the Prince, Claudio, and my master, planted and placed and possessed by my master Don John, saw afar off in the orchard this amiable encounter. (3.3) Act IV There, Leonato, take her back again:Give not this rotten orange to your friend;Shes but the sign and semblance of her honor. (4.1) Your daughter here the princes left for dead,Let her awhile be secretly kept in,And publish it that she is dead indeed (4.1) She dying, as it must be so maintaind,Upon the instant that she was accusd,Shall be lamented, pitied, and excusdOf every hearer (4.1) I love you with so much of my heart that none is left to protest. (4.1) O that he were here to write me down an ass! But masters, remember that I am an ass: though it be not written down, yet forget not that I am an ass. (4.2) Act V I say thou has belied mine innocent child;Thy slander hath gone through and through her heart,And she lies buried with her ancestorsO! in a tomb where never scandal slept,Save this of hers, framd by thy villainy! (5.1) I have deceived even your very eyes: what your wisdoms could not discover, these shallow fools have brought to light, who in the night overheard me confessing to this man, how Don John your brother incensed me to slander the Lady Hero. (5.1) I have drunk poison while he utterd it. (5.1) Though and I are too wise to woo peaceably. (5.2) And when I livd I was your other wife;And when you lovd, you were my other husband. (5.4) One Hero died defild, but I do live,And surely as I live, I am a maid. (5.4) In brief, since I do purpose to marry, I will think nothing to any purpose that the world can say against it; and therefore never flout at me for what I have said against it; for man is a giddy thing, and this is my conclusion. (5.4)

Reuse of Plastic Waste in Road Construction Essays

Reuse of Plastic Waste in Road Construction Essays Reuse of Plastic Waste in Road Construction Essay Reuse of Plastic Waste in Road Construction Essay What is plastic A material that contains one or more organic polymers of large molecular weight, solid in its finished state and at some state while manufacturing or processing into finished articles, can be shaped by its flow. Types of plastics 1. Thermosets. 2. Elastomers. 3. Thermoplastics. NATURAL RESINS solids or semi solid materials light yellow to darkbrown in colour carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. globules on the bark . SYNTHETIC RESINS derived primarily from petroleum. polystyrene, polyesters and acrylics sed in the manufacture of varnishes, plastics, adhesives and rubber. Various Resins Of Plastic Polyethylene terephthalate (PET,PETE) Density polyethylene(HDPE) Vinyl(Poly vinyl chloride or PVC) Low Density Polyethylene(LDPE) Polypropylene(PP) BASIC PROCESSES Segregation . Cleaning process . Shredding process . Collection process . 2. Wet Process Waste plastics by direct mixing with hot bitumen at 160A‚AÂ °C Mechanical stirrer is needed Addition o f stabilizers and proper cooling. Since the wet process require a lot of investment and bigger plants Not commonly used.. ADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC ROAD Use higher percentage of plastic waste. Reduce the need of bitumen by around 10%. Increase the strength and performance of the road. Reduce the cost to around Rs. 5000/Km. of single lane road. Generate jobs for rag pickers. Develop a technology, which is eco-friendly. DISADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC ROADS 1. Cleaning process Toxics present in the co-mingled plastic waste would d start leaching. . During the road laying process But the presence of chlorine will definitely release noxious HCL gas. 3. After the road laying The components of the road, once it has been laid, are not inert. It is opined that the first rain will trigger leaching. As the plastics will merely form a sticky layer, (mechanical abrasion). once the road is started to be used will cause the release of fine polymer particles. When air-borne, these will cause a particulate problem. CONCLUSION Plastic will increase the melting point of the bitumen use of the innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but also increased the road life Help to improve the environment . plastic road would be a boon for Indiaa„? s hot and extremely humid climate where durable and eco-friendly roads which will relive the earth from all type of plastic waste Reference: seminarprojects. com/Thread-reuse-of-plastic-waste-in-road-construction-full-report#ixzz1gliWsmVK vvvvvv

Gryposaurus - Facts and Figures

Gryposaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Gryposaurus (Greek for hook-nosed lizard); pronounced GRIP-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (85-75 million years ago) Size and Weight: Up to 40 feet long and five tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, narrow skull; large bump on nose; occasional bipedal posture About Gryposaurus In most ways a typical hadrosauror duck-billed dinosaurof late Cretaceous North America, Gryposaurus was distinguished by the prominent, arched bump on its nose, from which its name {hook-nosed lizard) derives. As with other such ornately equipped dinosaurs (like the horned, frilled ceratopsians), paleontologists speculate that this feature evolved as a sexually selected characteristic that is, males with bigger, more prominent noses were more attractive to females during mating season. However, Gryposaurus may also have used its giant schnozz to honk and blare at fellow herd members, o alert them to skulking raptors and tyrannosaurs, and (somewhat less probably) it may even have poked the flanks of these predators with its nose in an attempt to drive them away. Like other hadrosaurs, the 30-foot-long, two-ton, plant-eating Gryposaurus was similar in behavior to modern bison and buffaloand the numerous fossil specimens that have been discovered across North America are a strong hint that this duck-billed dinosaur roamed the continent in herds (though whether these herds contained a few dozen, a few hundred, or a few thousand individuals is impossible to say). However, theres one important difference between these ancient hadrosaurs and modern cattle (or wildebeest): when startled by predators, Gryposaurus could run briefly on its two hind legs, which must have made for a comical sight during stampedes! The name Gryposaurus is often used interchangeably with Kritosaurus, thanks to the confusion surrounding this dinosaurs taxonomic history. The type fossil of Gryposaurus was discovered in Canadas Alberta Province in 1913, and later described and named by the Canadian paleontologist Lawrence Lambe. However, the American fossil hunter Barnum Brown had discovered a similar genus a few years earlier, in New Mexico, which he named Kritosaurus (separated lizard). The Gryposaurus skeleton described by Lambe provided additional clues about the proper reconstruction of the Kritosaurus skeleton, and although Brown himself proposed that the two genera should be synonymized, they have both managed to survive down to the present day. (We wont even mention the suggestion of Jack Horner that both Gryposaurus and Kritosaurus should be synonymized with Hadrosaurus!) Today, there are three generally accepted species of Gryposaurus. The type species, G. notabilis, is known by about two dozen skulls, as well as two more complete specimens that had originally been assigned to a since-synonymized species, G. incurvimanus. A second species, G. latidens, was discovered in Montana; its represented by fewer individuals than G. notabilis, the hooked nose of this species was set farther down its snout and its teeth of which were less derived (harking back to those of the much earlier Iguanodon). Finally, theres G. monumentensis, named in 2007 after the discovery of a single individual in Utah. As you may have guessed from its name, this Gryposaurus species was larger than the others, some adults attaining 40 feet in length and weights in the neighborhood of five tons.

Biotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Biotechnology - Essay Example Chlorophyll absorbs all wavelengths of the visible light except the green light, which is reflected out. The chlorophyll is a complex molecule. Being complex it ahs undergone a lot of modifications and as a result chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophylls and carotenoids are found in the leaf. Carotenoids and chlorophyll b absorbs some of the green wavelength energy. Chlorophyll a receives it energy from the blue-violet and reddish orange wavelength. As the intensity of the light increases, the increase of the photosynthesis is observed. (Giacometti and Giacometti, 2009). The present study was performed to determine the effect of the color on the photosynthesis rate, the rate of photosynthesis, the rate of oxygen uptake was determined for this experiment. Chromatography is the process of separation of the solutes. Paper chromatography is the process of separating the pigments that are present in the chlorophyll into fractions based on their molecular weight. The porosity of the paper helps in the separation using petroleum ether –acetone solvent. The plant emits oxygen when the photosynthesis reactions take place. If the intensity of the light is higher, then the rate of photosynthesis is higher. At the same time if the light is kept closer to the leaf, it should also increases the photosynthesis rate because the intensity is directly proportional to the photosynthesis. The action spectra have color of various wavelengths shorter to longer. If the wavelength is small then the intensity of the light should be higher. This indicates that the color with greater intensity will have greater photosynthetic rate. When the red, green , blue light are used as the light source for the photosynthesis reaction, then the light of shorter w avelength should produce maximum intensity , therefore the photosynthesis will be greater. Of the three colors the blue has the shorter wavelength, so it should produce higher photosynthetic rate. Fresh

Write a 1.5 page memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a 1.5 page memorandum - Essay Example Each author employs, in his own right, extremely ridiculous scenarios and/or ironic character development which ultimately serves to belittle and criticize the society in and about which they were written, in this case early 18th century Britain. In A Modest Proposal, Swift, in order to criticize and make public the English crown’s shameful policy and practices towards Ireland, employs irony. So as to address the rampant and widespread poverty of Ireland, he sagaciously proposes that England ought to begin eating the children of mendicant women so as to alleviate the need to feed them. That is, Swift declares that cannibalism is the answer to solving poverty. â€Å"....[A] young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout† (Swift 1949, p. 883). Swift is counting on the reader to be so disgusted by the idea that he/she will find solace in the criticism he makes of the English landed gentry, which is in fact the true intent of the work. He writes, â€Å"I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they ha ve already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children† (Swift 1949, p. 883). The proposal is ridiculous only to make a point: the aristocrats, having exploited the poor, would not mind also enjoying the â€Å"benefit† of their offspring. In similar fashion, John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera employs satire for the purpose of social criticism. Opera, for the most part, has traditionally been the preserve of the well-to-do. Gay, knowing that his audience would include many members of the upper classes, creates characters and settings which highlight the abject poverty in which much of England’s poor lived. It opens with the narrator, intentionally chosen to be a beggar, stating â€Å"If

Central Locking System Essay Example for Free

Central Locking System Essay Power door locks (also known as electric door locks or central locking) allow the driver or front passenger to simultaneously lock or unlock all the doors of an automobile or truck, by pressing a button or flipping a switch. Power door locks were introduced on the luxury Scripps-Booth in 1914, but were not common on luxury cars until Packard reintroduced them in 1956. Nearly every car model today offers this feature as at least optional equipment. Early systems locked and unlocked only the car doors. Many cars today also feature systems which can unlock such things as the luggage compartment or fuel filler cap door. It is also common on modern cars for the locks to activate automatically when the car is put into gear or reaches a certain speed. Remote and handsfree In 1980, Ford Motor Company introduced an external keypad-type keyless entry system, wherein the driver entered a numeric combination —either pre-programmed at the factory or one programmed by the owner— to unlock the car without the key. Early- to mid-1980s Nissan Maximas could also be installed with a keypad, which would also retract the windows and moonroof once the car was successfully unlocked by pushing a specific button on the keypad. During the 1990s the Subaru Legacy could also be opened by pulling the drivers external door handle a specific number of times to enter a passcode number that would unlock the drivers door only. Today, many cars with power door locks also have a radio frequency remote keyless system, which allows a person to press a button on a remote control key fob, the first being available on the French made Renault Fuego in 1982. [1] Currently, many luxury makers also allow the windows to be opened or closed by pressing and holding a button on the remote control key fob, or by inserting the ignition key and holding it in the lock or unlock osition in the external drivers door lock. The remote locking system confirms successful locking and unlocking through either a light or a horn signal, and usually offers an option to switch easily between these two variants. Both provide almost the same functionality, though light signals are more discreet while horn signals might create a nuisance in residential neighborhoods and other busy parking areas (e. g. short-term parking lots). Some manufacturers offer the ability to adjust the horn signal volume. Other cars have a proximity system that is triggered if a keylike transducer (Advanced Key or handsfree) is within a certain distance of the car. How Stuff Works Between the keypads, keyless entry systems and conventional locks, some cars today have four or five different ways to unlock the doors. How do cars keep track of all those different methods, and what exactly happens when the doors unlock? The mechanism that unlocks your car doors is actually quite interesting. It has to be very reliable because it is going to unlock your doors tens of thousands of times over the life of your car. In this edition of HowStuffWorks, well learn just whats inside your door that makes it unlock. Well take apart the actuator that does the work, and then well learn how the lock can be forced open. But first, lets see how the car keeps all its signals straight. Locking and Unlocking Here are some of the ways that you can unlock cardoors: †¢ With a key †¢ By pressing the unlock button inside the car †¢ By using the combination lock on the outside of the door †¢ By pulling up the knob on the inside of the door †¢ With a keyless-entry remote control †¢ By a signal from a control center In some cars that have power door locks, the lock/unlock switch actually sends power to the actuators that unlock the door. But in more complicated systems that have several ways to lock and unlock the doors, the body controller decides when to do the unlocking. The body controller is a computer in your car. It takes care of a lot of the little things that make your car friendlier for instance, it makes sure the interior lights stay on until you start the car, and it beeps at you if you leave your headlights on or leave the keys in the ignition. In the case of power door locks, the body controller monitors all of the possible sources of an unlock or lock signal. It monitors a door-mounted touchpad and unlocks the doors when the correct code is entered. It monitors a radio frequency and unlocks the doors when it receives the correct digital code from the radio transmitter in your key fob, and also monitors the switches inside the car. When it receives a signal from any of these sources, it provides power to the actuator that unlocks or locks the doors. Now, lets take a look inside an actual car door and see how everything is hooked up. Inside a Car Door In this car, the power-door-lock actuator is positioned below the latch. A rod connects the actuator to the latch, and another rod connects the latch to the knob that sticks up out of the top of the door. When the actuator moves the latch up, it connects the outside door handle to the opening mechanism. When the latch is down, the outside door handle is disconnected from the mechanism so that it cannot be opened. To unlock the door, the body controller supplies power to the door-lock actuator for a timed interval. Lets take a look inside the actuator. Inside the Actuator The power-door-lock actuator is a pretty straightforward device. [pic] Inside the power-door-lock actuator This system is quite simple. A smallelectric motor turns a series of spur gears that serve as a gear reduction. The last gear drives a rack-and-pinion gearset that is connected to the actuator rod. The rack converts therotational motion of the motor into the linear motion needed to move the lock. One interesting thing about this mechanism is that while the motor can turn the gears and move the latch, if you move the latch it will not turn the motor. This is accomplished by a neatcentrifugal clutch that is connected to the gear and engaged by the motor. [pic] Centrifugal clutch on the drive gear When the motor spins the gear, the clutch swings out and locks the small metal gear to the larger plastic gear, allowing the motor to drive the door latch. If you move the door latch yourself, all of the gears will turn except for the plastic gear with the clutch on it. Forcing the Lock If you have ever locked yourself out of your car and called the police or AAA to help you get back in, you know that the tool used is a thin metal strip with a flat hook on it. From this article you can now see how this strip works. A simple vertical motion from either the knob on the door or the power-lock actuator is all thats needed to turn the lock and open the door. What the officer is doing with the metal strip is fishing around until he or she hooks onto the point that the knob and actuator connect to. A quick pull on this point and the door is unlocked! For more information on power door locks and related topics, see the links on the next page.

Melian Dialogue as interpreted through perspectives of Realism, Liberal

Melian Dialogue as interpreted through perspectives of Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism Imagine Cleomedes, son of Lycomedes, general of the famed forces of the lustrous Athenian Empire, waiting for a trio of representatives to return from The Melian Dialogue. â€Å"Well?† he demands impatiently as they arrive, â€Å"What did they say?† As perspectives and opinions in the realm of political science are fluid and bound to change, he receives a variety of replies, for the representatives body he sent happen to comprise a Realist, a Liberal and a Constructivist. The variances the philosophies and universal laws his representatives throw back at him intrigue General Cleomedes. He recognizes that within the power play of the world, and the role of Athens as a superpower within the world’s political arena, he must be thoroughly versed in every possible political perspective. Thus, he invites his representatives to share their own view of what transpired between the dialogue between the Melians and the Athenians. The Realist, absolutely dedicated to the preservation and security of the Athenian Empire declares stoutly, â€Å"General, it is no great surprise that our negotiations reflected the success and dominance of realism in the political arena.† The Liberal, mindful of universal pathos over such a nationalistic approach, gasps. Deeply moved by the proceedings of the Melian dialogue, and aghast at the lack of understanding in her fellow representatives, she offers a venomous retort, â€Å"To hell with realism! Can’t you see the truth? Oh, my comrades are blind to the universal laws of right and wrong! Truly, our very invasion of this people is immoral! We should be moved by empathy and compassion for the Melians!† A steady, even voice i... ...ialogue are enveloped in the great ‘ism’ constructs for which this extremely modern political theory is known (Hughes, Chp.3). And as the Constructivist sees social groups interacting within the world, he contributes to our understanding of the groups through the invention of identity. The Constructivists label groups of people with common interests and gives words with which to speak of rising ideas and philosophies. The Melian Dialogue bears a host of political interpretations as the Melians and Athenians negotiate the reality of power and rights of countries on the scale of empires. Though Cleomedes eventually relied on the heavy handed realist course of action in the Peloponnesian War, ideally, he could have cultivated a healthy respect for differing universal truths of political theories and the fluidity of interpretation in every text available to us today.

Role of Management Accounting in International Firm

INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING Sources: 1) Financial knowledge enables central control to determine what is happening in different subsidiaries. That enable the integration and control of subsidiaries by the central control. (Belkauoi, 1991) 2) Management accounting’ involvement in currency management is also important as the fluctuations in the exchange rates can distort the financial results of the subsidiaries. (Eiteman, Stonehill and Moffet, 1992). ) Management accounting is a means of co-ordinating established configurations and its form depends on the strategies a firm adopts for configuration and co-ordination (Tomkins, 1991) 4) Study by Biles and Assada (1991) investigated how the Japanese and American ownership firms evaluated the performance of their subsidiaries. The US firms frequently used financial ratios for performance measurement. ROI was by far most important, whereas Japanese firms pay more attention to individual line-items in the budget such as sales volume and production costs. ) Horovitz(1978) compared management controls between UK, French and German firms. He concluded that German and French firms tend to be more centralized than the UK firms. The control systems of German and French companies were more detailed than that of UK firms. 6) Holzer and Schonfelt (1986) illustrated that accounting systems of major European and US firms differ greatly and, although internationalisation affects their management accounting systems, it does not do so in a linear fashion. Factors: 1) Configuration. ) Strategy. 3) Ownership of the firm. ROLE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN INTERNATIONAL FIRM: The international firms have disperse configuration as their activities in the value chain are spread throughout the world. Therefore, the international firms use management accounting to co-ordinate and integrate their activities in different countries. The role and scope of management accounting differs in international firms depending upon the relationship be tween their subsidiaries and the strategy of their top management. Porter 1986) classified international firms into the global firms, the multidomestic firms and the exporting firms. Both global and multidomestic firms have dispersed configuration but the former is an integrated unit whereas the latter is a conglomerate that achieves control by making its subsidiaries as independent of each other as possible. In a global firm, management accounting supports a dispersed configuration of the value chain located across the world. The output of one subsidiary is an input of other subsidiary located in a different country. The dispersed location of subsidiaries call for extensive co-ordination and central management intervention in the affairs of the subsidiaries. By focusing on global product-line profitability, the central management can use management accounting to establish an integrated organization. Various operations like production, sales, R&D are positioned globally according to specific locational advantage and they are integrated through extensive planning and budgeting activities. Management accounting in an international firm is a finely tuned information mechanism. In contrast, there is little integration of subsidiaries in a multidomestic firma as they usually operate in different businesses. Therefore, they are relatively free to devise their own strategies and plans and to monitor their progress towards them. Central management monitors subsidiaries from a portfolio management perspective which evaluates subsidiaries largely on financial rates of profitability. Management accounting role in multidomestic firms is setting financial targets for sudsidaries and evaluating their performance using composite financial ratios like ROI( Return on investment), ROA (Return on assets) , RI (residual income) and ROE ( return on equity). There is little emphasis on information which integrates activities across subsidiaries. International firms are exposed to exchange rates fluctuation risks. These fluctuations creates uncertain cash flows in corporate currency and also can distort the performance of subsidiaries (Eiteman, Stonehill and Moffet, 1992). Therefore, the management accounting manage the currency risks in the international firms by monitoring the short-term transaction exposure to debtors and creditors, medium term budgeting of international cash flows and long term strategic currency and exposure concerns over the firm’s strategic planning period. Management accounting uses transfer pricing between subsidiaries in different countries in order to maximize international firm’s after-tax global profits. Through transfer pricing firms may divert profits to regions where taxes are low (Radebaugh and Gray, 1993). The threat of this puts pressure on host governments to make and adminstor tax laws that benefits the firm. However, the firms seek to be as independent of the individual location as is possible, to minimize the political risks such as change in government causing substantial changes in host country’s economic policies. The management accounting plays a key and wide role in international firms. The information technology is improving and becoming cheap with the passage of time. That will further deepen the role of management accounting in the international firms. According to Belkauoi (1991), the financial knowledge resulting from management accounting has enabled the integration and control of dispersedly configured firms by the central control. The global firm is characterized by its large geographical reach and the considerable interdependence between its subsidiaries. Global firm uses management accounting to integrate its activities across the globe. On other hand, the multidomestic firm’s subsidiaries are quite independent in their activities.

McJobs Are Bad for Kids Essay

I thought Amitai Etzioni’s article: The Fast-Food Factories: McJobs are Bad for Kids,† was both accurate and convincing. His assertion that fast food jobs, â€Å"impart few skills useful in later life,† and â€Å"skew the values of teenagers,† is correct. At first blush, these jobs seem idea for teaching young people responsibility and self-discipline. But, when examining issues the author mentions as negatives such as; hours worked, appropriate supervision, job training, opportunity for advancement, responsible behaviors, and affects on academics; fast food employment does appear to have a negative effect on teens. The number of hours worked usually equate to how much money you make. If hours worked is not tempered with other responsibilities, such as school activities and adequate rest, teenagers will suffer the negative effects. Teenagers working in fast food establishments often have hour’s restrictions of 40 hours per week. Because many fast food establishments are open late, and require cleanup and tally-up after hours, many teens can work very long shifts. It was not surprising to learn that teens working a thirty-hour week may do so in two to three days. The author references an informal high school yearbook survey wherein seniors acknowledged that their jobs interfered with their school work; a definite negative trade-off. As in any business, fast food establishments must have appropriate management of the processes to maintain consistency of the product and enforce safety practices. In many fast food establishments to be a supervisor you must be an adult, defined as eighteen years of age, and complete supervisory courses provided by the employer. Though teenagers were not officially supervisors, in some establishments, supervisory duties are many times assigned to and accomplished by them. And, sometimes, as the author states, there is not an adult on the premises. Each of the fast food establishments requires training, to some degree. Because many of the tasks are simple and repetitive, the vast majority of this training given is informal and on the job. This training can last from a few minutes to a few days. Additionally, the trainers, many times, are other teens. Further, the future benefit of the skills learned in these simple and repetitive tasks is questionable. Advancement in many fast food establishments does not exist or is very limited. Advancement usually means assignment to other work stations within the restaurant and little or no advance in pay or technical expertise. Designated career paths, leading to management positions are not the norm and were not available to the teens interviewed for this paper. Many people think that teens that work will benefit from learning to be responsible. They also think they will develop a strong work ethic which will benefit them throughout their working life. In actuality the benefits of responsible behavior and ethical work habit are seldom acquired. Punctuality though is considered important. Those teens that are chronically late are disciplined or dismissed. Responsibility seems to be limited to punctuality. Staying on task and using time wisely is not important to teens in the fast food industry. Employee theft is also very problematic. Money is sometimes stolen but the majority of theft involves teens stealing food for themselves and friends. Poor supervision, or no supervision, allows this unethical behavior to develop and become an established norm. Academics are not addressed so consequently are not important in the fast food industry. Long and/or late work hours that may interfere with schoolwork are not considered. Programs that monitor grades to ascertain if work is interfering with education were not found. Some teens say â€Å"they don’t care if you have homework, graduate or want to pursue further education† (According to Max Greenwood). Additionally, many teens working in fast food are high school dropouts. This further establishes the environment that doesn’t support doing your best, seeking advancement, and furthering your education. Prior to reading this article and doing research, I didn’t agree with Etzioni, that teenagers’ working fast food is bad. To validate Etzioni’s claims, I interviewed individuals who worked fast food as teens. These individuals reaffirmed that working fast food did not provide appropriate supervision, worked long hours, received little training, didn’t have appropriate supervision, and it affected academics negatively. Etzioni, Amitai. â€Å"Chapter 6: Arguing A Position.† The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing 9th Ed Short Edition I-cite. N.p.: Bedford/st Martins, 2010. 280-83. Print.

the kingfish essays

the kingfish essays Huey. P. Long was a man to be reckoned with. Regardless of the attitude one takes toward his radical populist politics, it is indisputable that the Kingfish was Louisiana politics from the late 1920s until his assassination in 1935. He remains one of the great political paradoxes of the 20th century, a man who openly believed in using the machinery of state for economic intervention in pursuit of social and political ends...and yet has been hailed as a champion of the little man, enfranchiser of the poor and the disadvantaged (Wall). Contradictory though he was, with the natural gift of cleverness, his proverbial razor-sharp wit, and claimed affinity with the common man, he learned to use and abuse those time-honored methods for ensuring the absolute supremacy of a political machine (Wall). Long managed to secure his position as the virtual dictator of Louisiana through his strong-arm tactics and by using the old southern politics of personality to publicize his war against the established economic hierarchy. Where he diverts from old southern politics is in his focus on issues and his drive to put his policies into practice. At the time of Longs career, Louisiana politics was still very much the politics of poverty and ruralism. Long fed off this condition and delivered his famous Every man a King on February 23, 1934. The speech was the manifesto of the Share Our Wealth Program and represented possibly the most aggressive plan of governmental economic intervention in the history of the United States. The Kingfish wanted the government to confiscate the wealth of the nation's rich and privileged. He called his program Share Our Wealth. It called upon the federal government to guarantee every family in the nation an annual income of $5,000...He also proposed limiting private fortunes to $50 million, legacies to $5 million, and annual incomes t ...

Finding the Percent of Change Between Numbers

Finding the Percent of Change Between Numbers There are two methods of finding the  percent of change between two numbers. The first is  to find the ratio of the amount of change to the original amount. If the new number is greater than the old number, then that ratio is the percent of increase, which will be a positive. If the new number is less than the old number, then that ratio is the percent of decrease, which will be a negative. The first question to ask yourself when finding the percent of change with this method is: Is it an increase or a decrease? Method 1: AProblem With an Increase Say one person had $200 in a savings account last month and now has $225. Thats an increase. The problem is to find the percent of increase in  money. First,  subtract to find the amount of change: 225 - 25 200. The  increase is 25. Next, divide the amount of change by the original amount: 25 à · 200 0.125 Now, to change the decimal to a percent, multiply the number by 100: 0.125 X 100 12.5 The answer is 12.5 percent. So thats the percent of change, an increase of 12.5 percent in the savings account. Method 1: A Problem Witha Decrease Say one person weighed 150 pounds last year and now weighs 125 pounds. Thats a decrease. The problem is to find the percent of decrease in weight- the weight loss,   First, subtract to find the amount of change: 150 - 125 25. The decrease is 25. Next, divide the amount of change by the original amount: 25 à · 150 0.167 Now, to change the decimal to a percent, multiply the number by 100: 0.167 x 100 16.7 The answer is 16.7 percent. So thats the percent of change, a decrease of 16.7 percent in body weight. Method 2: AProblemWith an Increase The  second method of finding  the  percent  of change between two numbers involves finding the ratio between the new number and the original number. Use the same example for this  method of finding the percent of increase: One person had $200 in a savings account last month and now has $225. The problem is to find the percent of increase in money. First, divide the new amount by the original amount: 225 / 200 1.125 Next, to change the decimal to a percent,  multiply the result  by 100: 1.125 X 100 112.5 percent Now, subtract 100 percent from the result: 112.5 percent - 100 percent   12.5 percent Thats the same result as in method 1: an increase of 12.5 percent in the savings account. Method2: AProblemWitha Decrease Use the same example for the second  method of finding the percent of decrease: One person weighed 150 pounds last year and now weighs 125 pounds. The problem is  to find the percent of decrease in weight. First,  divide the new amount by he original amount: 125 / 150 0.833 Next, to change the decimal to a percent, multiply the result by 100: 0.833 X 100 83.3 percent Now,  subtract 100 percent from the result: 83.3 percent - 100 percent -16.7 percent Thats the same result as in method 1: a  decrease of 16.7 percent in body weight.

Improvements for Aaron's Situation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Improvements for Aaron's Situation - Case Study Example This ability will allow him to integrate more and more with other children as he progresses. In addition, Aaron has high awareness of his surroundings and is able to adapt quickly and manipulate the environment around him. Finally, Aaron’s IQ level is above average, which shows that his ability to learn and comprehend is strong. Used in conjunction with his communication skills and ability to adapt to the environment around him, Aaron could step to the forefront of his class as a leader both academically and socially if he were able to overcome his personal auctions. Some of the challenging behaviors that present obstacles for Aaron’s progress are the fact that he vandalizes property, runs away from home and school, and exhibits violence at school. Aaron’s tendency to vandalize property may be an attempt to control his surroundings, responding to negativity by breaking something to alleviate rage and make a point. His unannounced attempts to leave home and school show that these places cause stress for him and running away is one of his coping mechanisms. Finally, Aaron’s tendency to demonstrate violence at school shows his lack of respect for personal boundaries and his attempts to defend himself against his insecurities by resorting to violence. All of these behaviors are challenging for authority figures because they present obstacles for Aaron’s education and the education of those around him. These behaviors also compromise the safety of Aaron and those he comes in contact with. Some of the causes that may have contributed to Aaron’s negative behavior is the instability he has experienced at home and school. The imprisonment of his father has left him without a father figure to look up to and provide guidance. This also left a sense of structure and discipline out of Aaron’s life.  

Principels of organizational mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principels of organizational mangement - Essay Example Hence, for instance, a UK manager who initiates business activities in the US business environment has to verify if his strategies conform to the business culture and institutional settings of the region. Researchers are of the opinion that the concept of HRM was the US contribution to the business world. American HRM started since 1890s with the emergence of NCR Corporation specifically when it initiated a separate personnel office (Ed. Pieper. 1990, p.41). In addition to this, several aspects including enterprise capitalism, free individualism, diverse workforce which comprised of immigrants also contributed to the growth of HRM in America (Ibid). Consequently, traditional business concept of ‘personal management’ gave way to collaborative business operation which gave much emphasis on creating large and diverse pool of human capital which would be cost effective and potential enough. Thus employee participation and managerial functions became the most inevitable part of American business organizations. As the new method was highly effective, it helped American organizations to be more competitive in the global market. Consequently, American organizations became highly competitive; and caught the attention of the entire business world. Organizations across the globe tried their own experiments on the strategic implementation of HRM. Despite the common features of all HRM models, as Bratton and Gold (2001) state, ‘there is a qualitative difference between HRM and traditional personal management’. According to the writers’ view, it includes strategic character of transformational leadership, and involvement of line managers as the notable features of modern HRM. The features of American approaches to HRM, according Schuler and Johnson include mainly five characteristics that make US model of business management distinctive from other European models (Cited in Fenton, Gooderham & Nordhang 2005). Given below are the

Assessing Meaningful Use in stage two to improve quality of care Essay - 1

Assessing Meaningful Use in stage two to improve quality of care - Essay Example Among the hospital errors that take place every day in the healthcare setting, include errors during drug prescription, errors during treatment with wrong drugs prescribed, procedural errors, diagnostic and administrative errors that will easily be addressed. Moreover, the utilization of the electronic health information systems is fundamental to enabling a seamless flow of information throughout the mediation management system. The establishment and enactment of the information and communication technology is one of the most recent developments in the healthcare sector. This innovation is supposed to have an essential impact on the organization of the healthcare facilities; patients care, the performance of the healthcare practitioners and treatment management options once fully adopted. However, a seamless adoption of health care facilities accompanied by proper policies and guidelines seems to be hindering their appropriate use in this health care setting. More than half of the healthcare facilities in the United States have at least a basic electronic health record system but the stage two criteria of adoption remains as a great challenge for most of the facilities. Therefore, it is important to assess their use in stage two meaningfully in an effort of enhancing the patients care. According to Julia DesRoches, et al. (2014) the adoption process among major facilities has been slow and the patient’s adoption of the systems was even greater than the facilities did with electronic systems such as the electronic cards. While there is a common sequence underlying the rate of electronic systems adoption, the rate at which the systems will be followed to the letter will depend on the nature and characteristics of the facilities. However, in ensuring a higher rate of adoption, penalties will be asserted by the end of 2015 if

Electronic Surveillance in Intelligence Services

Electronic Surveillance in Intelligence Services Overview It will be argued that the increased use of electronic surveillance is unlikely to lead to the demise of human intelligence sources, this assignment will show that the two will work together and that regulation will ensure that that they will both enhance each other. It will be suggested that these two types of surveillance will continue to work alongside each other, which each being more useful in differing circumstances and therefore electronic surveillance will not replace the need for human intelligence. Main Body In recent years a combination of developing technology, concern about confession evidence and the changing nature of, especially, financial and drug-related crime has led the police and other law enforcement agencies to adopt increasingly sophisticated and intrusive, methods of investigation. Much of this has been largely hidden from public view and unregulated. Incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights by the Human Rights Act 1998 will mean that privacy can only lawfully be interfered with if it is necessary to do so, and if it is carried out in accordance with law. The common law approach that the police can do what they want as long it is not prohibited by law is no longer acceptable. The Government introduced legislation or risk exclusion of evidence and challenge in both domestic courts and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The result is the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Bill, covering the interception of communications, the power to demand communica tions data and decryption of unintelligible material, the use of covert operations and surveillance, and establishing a tribunal to deal with complaints. The scope of the warrant procedure is significantly expanded by the Bill since it will now include interceptions of private telecommunications systems, and will clearly cover the interception of mobile telephones, e-mails, and other computer communications. Under s. 26(3) of the RIPA intrusive surveillance occurs when a surveillance device is used or an individual is actually present on residential premises, or in a private vehicle, or it is carried out by such a device in relation to such premises or vehicle without being present on the premises or vehicle. Residential is defined in s. 48(1) of the RIPA as premises used as living accommodation, while premises includes movable structures and land. The definition excludes common areas of residential premises and clearly does not cover office premises (s. 48(7)(b)). Thus, covert surveillance of office premises falls within the term directed, rather than intrusive, surveillance. Section 26(3), read with s. 48(7), offers only a partial definition since it would cover all forms of covert surveillance taking place in relation to residential premises. Some forms of such surveillance can be treated as directed surveillance, as indicated below, and it is in relation to residential premises that an area of uncertainty is created as to the category into which surveillance falls. Under s. 32(3) of the RIPA authorisation of intrusive surveillance is on the grounds of the interests of national security, for the purpose of preventing or detecting serious crime or of preventing disorder, in the interests of the economic well-being of the UK. Proportionality requirements are introduced under s. 32(2): the authorising person must be satisfied that the action to be taken is proportionate to what is hoped to be achieved by carrying it out. Authorisations for such surveillance are granted by the Home Secretary under s. 41 or, for police or customs officers, by senior authorising officers, who are the highest ranking police officers. There is provision for the grant of authorisations in a case of urgency by persons of equally high rank, other than the senior authorising officer. (Christie v United Kingdom 78-A DRE Com HR 119) Under s. 36, the authorisation will not take effect until it has been approved, except where it is urgent and the grounds for urgency are set out in the notice, in which case the authorisation will take effect from the time of its grant. Under s. 38 senior authorising officers can appeal to the Chief Surveillance Commissioner against decisions of ordinary Surveillance Commissioners. The Commissioners have responsibility for the destruction of material obtained by surveillance, under s. 37, but there is no requirement that material no longer needed for proceedings and no longer subject to an authorisation must be destroyed. The provisions for authorisations under ss 33, 34, 35 and 36 mirror those under the Police Act 1997, Part III in that, under s. 35, notice must be given to a Surveillance Commissioner and, under s. 36, the authorisation will not take effect until it has been approved, except where it is urgent and the grounds for urgency are set out in the notice, in which case the authorisation will take effect from the time of its grant. Under s. 38 senior authorising officers can appeal to the Chief Surveillance Commissioner against decisions of ordinary Surveillance Commissioners. The Commissioners have responsibility for the destruction of material obtained by surveillance, under s. 37, but there is no requirement that material no longer needed for proceedings and no longer subject to an authorisation must be destroyed. Under s. 43 authorisations can be granted or renewed urgently orally by senior authorising officers or in writing by persons authorised to act on their behalf in urgent cases. If , under s. 43(3)(a), an authorisation is granted or renewed by a person entitled to act only in urgent cases, or was renewed by such a person or orally, it ceases to take effect after 72 hours. Section 42 provides special rules for the intelligence services which overlap with those of s. 5 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994. Under s. 42 the security and intelligence services can undertake intrusive surveillance on grant of a warrant. The grounds are under s. 32(3). As far as intrusive surveillance is concerned, the function of the services in support of the prevention or detection of serious crime is excluded where the application is by a member of GCHQ or the SIS. Under s. 44(3) a warrant authorising intrusive surveillance issued by a senior official, and not renewed under the hand of the Secretary of State, shall cease to have effect at the end of the second working day after its issue. In the case of other warrants that point will be at the end of a period of six months from t he day of issue or renewal. As is obvious from the most cursory examination of RIPA, the distinction between intrusive and directed procedures will be significant in all cases of covert activity because the level of authorisation required and the triggering conditions differ substantially. In the case of the police cell it is crucial, yet RIPA fails to provide an explicit classification of the cell in these terms. It is particularly disappointing that Parliament failed to pre-empt challenges to such an apparently widespread police practice by providing a definitive answer to this problem. It seems bizarre that in interpreting such a recent statute expressly designed to regulate covert activity the matter turns on peripheral matters of definition. The confusion on this point in RIPA cannot be underestimated: the Court of Appeal in Mason called for urgent clarification of whether the police cell is now governed by intrusive or directed surveillance under RIPA. Although the new Code of Practice issued under s. 71 of RIPA now suggests that cell bugging is intrusive surveillance, this is such an important issue for the suspect and apparently such a commonplace police technique that it is submitted that it ought to be dealt with on the face of the statute. The use of human beings to provide information is a valuable resource for the protection of the public and the maintenance of law and order. In order that local authorities and law enforcement agencies are able to discharge their responsibilities, use is made of ‘undercover’ officers and informants. These are referred to as ‘covert human intelligence sources’ or ‘sources’ and the area of work of undercover officers and informants to whom this procedure applies will be referred to as ‘source work.’ In 1999 the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and HM Customs and Excise published a set of Codes of Practice on Standards in Covert Law Enforcement Techniques. The Codes have no legal basis but are recognised by the police, HM Customs and Excise and the Government as providing authoritative guidelines, and these replace previous guidance issued by the Home Office. (See (www.homeoffice.gov.uk/ripa/ripact.htm).) As the accompanying Declaration on ethical standards and covert investigative techniques states, the working practices set out in the Codes seek to achieve a balance between the requirement to work within a defined framework for the safeguarding of civil liberties and the maintenance of a robust approach to the tackling of crime and criminality. In its reduced form the substance of this statement is a desire to ensure that covert techniques are fair and effective. (Murfield: 2001) Section 3 of this Code, Surveillance in or into Public Places, is of relevance to the type of operation considered here. This section is applicable to the planned deployment of covert surveillance resources against the public at large, in order to meet a particular law enforcement need, or against specified individuals in public places where no interference with property is intended. The Code goes on to provide that: Before giving authorisations for surveillance into public places where no unlawful interference with property is proposed, the authorising officer must be satisfied that the proposed surveillance is a reasonable means of achieving the desired result. Manna from heaven operations provide an opportunity to manipulate a combination of circumstances which may lead to an offence being committed. According to the widely accepted routine activity theory, offending is determined by the convergence in space and time of three factors: (i) a likely offender, (ii) a suitable target and (iii) the absence of a capable guardian. In the light of this obvious concerns arise over the planning of this type of operation as the police have varying degrees of control over all three factors. By choosing the location of the operation they have some influence over who may be exposed to the temptation offered, also over the presence of a capable guardian, and they have absolute control over the target, i.e. the type and value of the property used. The 1997 and 2000 Acts require the Chief Surveillance Commissioner to keep under review (with the assistance of the Surveillance Commissioners and Assistant Surveillance Commissioners) the performance of functions under Part III of the 1997 Act and Part II of the 2000 Act by the police (including the Royal Navy Regulating Branch, the Royal Military Police and the Royal Air Force Police and the Ministry of Defence Police and the British Transport Police), NCIS, the NCS, HMCE and of the 2000 Act the other public authorities listed in Schedule 1 and in Northern Ireland officials of the Ministry of Defence and HM Forces. The Intelligence Services Commissioners remit is to provide independent oversight of the use of the powers contained within Part II of the 2000 Act and the 1994 Act by the Security Service, Secret Intelligence Service, GCHQ and the Ministry of Defence and HM Forces (excluding the Royal Navy Regulating Branch, the Royal Military Police and the Royal Air Force Police, and in Northern Ireland officials of the Ministry of Defence. It is important to consider the effect that the human rights has on both electronic surveillance and human surveillance and its conflict with the RIPA. The substantive rights of Schedule 1 to the HRA may be said to fall into two groups. The first, which includes Article 6, covers a number of fundamental rights; they include the right to liberty under Article 5, the right to a fair hearing under Article 6(1); the presumption of innocence under Article 6(2); minimum rights applicable to everyone charged with a criminal offence under Article 6(3), including the rights to legal assistance of his own choosing and to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him. Articles 8-11 and Protocols 1 and 6 may be said to cover a more developed conception of human rights; the rights provided include the right to respect for privacy under Article 8, and rights to the freedoms o f expression, association and assembly under Articles 10 and 11. Articles 8-11 indicate a structured approach to state interference with the guarantees. To be justified, such interference must be prescribed by law, have a legitimate aim, be necessary in a democratic society and be applied in a non-discriminatory fashion (Article 14). (Uglow: 1995) The European Court of Human Rights main concern has been with the necessary in a democratic society requirement; the notion of prescribed by law has been focused upon to some extent but usually with the result that it has been found to be satisfied. (See Malone v UK (1985) 7 EHRR 14) The legitimate aim requirement will normally be readily satisfied; as Harris, OBoyle and Warbrick point out, the grounds for interference (under paragraph 2 of Articles 8-11) are so wide that the state can usually make a plausible case that it did have a good reason for interfering with the right. (Harris et al, 1995 at p290) As has been demonstrated the use of electronic surveillance is complicated and heavily regulated. However it is useful and can work alongside covert human intelligent. It is worthy of considering some of the technicalities of the two forms of surveillance. There are some difficulties with electronics such as that it may not work and it can fail. However this can also be a problem with human covert surveillance in so far as the operations can fail, and the potential defendant can fail to be present, therefore there are equal difficulties with both of these methods of surveillance. Covert Human Surveillance will still require corroboration and can prove to be unreliable. The other difficulty that is raised in relation to covert human surveillance is its interaction with the human rights act. In the case of R v Lawrence, Hope, Stapleton, Stapleton, Bravard and May (3 August 2002, CA) this was considered. This was a case of VAT fraud, involving a loss of  £ 11 million. Evidence had been obtained by a covert surveillance device or probe which had been authorised under Pt III of the Police Act 1997. The appellants submitted before the Court of Appeal that the probe was a breach of Art 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and that the provisions in the Police Act concerning intrusive surveillance were incompatible with the Convention. Dismissing the appeal, the court held that the probe did not breach Art 8. Covert surveillance was compatible with the Convention where it was authorised by law; such authority was provided by the Police Act. The surveillance was necessary in a democratic society for the prevention of disorder or crime. It was also proportionate. Article 8(2) was therefore complied with. The Police Act 1997 has been overtaken by Pt II of RIPA, which introduces regulatory procedures for various forms of surveillance which, until now, have had no basis in statute. RIPA provides for more stringent scrutiny than the Police Act. However, as with the Police Act and Art 8, Pt II of RIPA provides for no restriction on the use of evidence so obtained. Rather, RIPA is concerned with the various forms of surveillance described in s 26. Once authorised under s 27, the s 26 surveillance will be lawful in relation to that authorisation. Sections 28, 29 and 32 require that the covert surveillance be necessary and proportionate. Therefore in conclusion it is argued that the increased use of electronic surveillance is unlikely to lead to the demise of human intelligence sources, this assignment that the two work well together and that they are both heavily regulated. Regulation will ensure that the two will work together and that they will both enhance each other. It is suggested that these two types of surveillance will continue to work alongside each other, which each being more useful in differing circumstances Bibliography Cases Christie v United Kingdom 78-A DRE Com HR 119 Malone v UK (1985) 7 EHRR 14 R v Lawrence, Hope, Stapleton, Stapleton, Bravard and May (3 August 2002, CA) Legislation Intelligence Services Act 1994 Police Act 1997 Regulation of Investigatory Powers 2000 Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Covert Surveillance: Code Of Practice) Order 2002 (SI 2002 NO. 1933) Journal Articles S. Uglow, Covert Surveillance And The Echr [1999] Crim Lr 287. D. J. Harris, M. Oboyle and C. Warbrick, Law Of The European Convention On Human Rights (1995) At 290 P. Mirfield, Regulation Of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (2): The Evidence Provisions [2001] Crim Lr 91 Books Feldman, Civil Liberties and Human Rights in England and Wales (2nd edn, 2002); S H Bailey, D J Harris D C Ormerod, Civil Liberties, Cases and Materials (5th edn, 2001); N Whitty, T Murphy S Livingstone, Civil Liberties Law: The Human Rights Act Era;

Faustus Study and Opening Speech -- Doctor Faustus Plays English Lite

Faustus' Study and Opening Speech The scene now shifts to Faustus’s study, and Faustus’s opening speech about the various fields of scholarship reflects the academic setting of the scene. In proceeding through the various intellectual disciplines and citing authorities for each, he is following the dictates of medieval scholarship, which held that learning was based on the authority of the wise rather than on experimentation and new ideas. This soliloquy, then, marks Faustus’s rejection of this medieval model, as he sets aside each of the old authorities and resolves to strike out on his own in his quest to become powerful through magic. As is true throughout the play, however, Marlowe uses Faustus’s own words to expose Faustus’s blind spots. In his initial speech, for example, Faustus establishes a hierarchy of disciplines by showing which are nobler than others. He does not want merely to protect men’s bodies through medicine, nor does he want to protect their property through law. He wants higher things, and so he proceeds on to religion. There, he quotes selectively from the New Testament, picking out only those passages that make Christianity appear in a negative light. He reads that â€Å"[t]he reward of sin is death,† and that â€Å"[i]f we say we that we have no sin, / We deceive ourselves, and there is no truth in us† (1.40–43). The second of these lines comes from the first book of John, but Faustus neglects to read the very next line, which states, â€Å"If we confess our sins, [God] is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteo usness† (1 John 1:9). Thus, through selective quoting, Faustus makes it seem as though religion promises only death and not forgiveness, and so he easily rejects religion with a fatalistic â€Å"What will be, shall be! Divinity, adieu!† (1.48). Meanwhile, he uses religious language—as he does throughout the play—to describe the dark world of necromancy that he enters. â€Å"These metaphysics of magicians / And necromantic books are heavenly† (1.49–50), he declares without a trace of irony. Having gone upward from medicine and law to theology, he envisions magic and necromancy as the crowning discipline, even though by most standards it would be the least noble. Faustus is not a villain, though; he is a tragic hero, a protagonist whose character flaws lead to his downfall. Marlowe imbues him with tragic gr... ...here but down, into mediocrity. There is no sign that Faustus himself is aware of the gulf between his earlier ambitions and his current state. He seems to take joy in his petty amusements, laughing uproariously when he confounds the horse-courser and leaping at the chance to visit the Duke of Vanholt. Still, his impending doom begins to weigh upon him. As he sits down to fall asleep, he remarks, â€Å"What art thou, Faustus, but a man condemned to die?† (10.24). Yet, at this moment at least, he seems convinced that he will repent at the last minute and be saved—a significant change from his earlier attitude, when he either denies the existence of hell or assumes that damnation is inescapable. â€Å"Christ did call the thief upon the cross,† he comforts himself, referring to the New Testament story of the thief who was crucified alongside Jesus Christ, repented for his sins, and was promised a place in paradise (10.28). That he compares himself to this figure shows that Faustus assumes that he can wait until the last moment and still escape hell. In other words, he wants to renounce Mephastophilis, but not just yet. We can easily anticipate that his willingness to delay will prove fatal.

Research Synopsis Format Essay

Savings form an important part of the economy of any nation. With the savings invested in various options available to the people, the money acts as the driver for growth of the country. Indian financial scene too presents a plethora of avenues to the investors. Though certainly not the best or deepest of markets in the world, it has reasonable options for an ordinary man to invest his savings. One needs to invest to and earn return on idle resources and generate a specified sum of money for a specific goal in life and make a provision for an uncertain future. One of the important reasons why one needs to invest wisely is to meet the cost of inflation. Inflation is the rate at which the cost of living increases. The cost of living is simply what it cost to buy the goods and services you need to live. Inflation causes money to lose value because it will not buy the same amount of a good or service in the future as it does now or did in the past. The sooner one starts investing the better. By investing early you allow your investments more time to grow, whereby the concept of compounding increases your income, by accumulating the principal and the interest or dividend earned on it, year after year. The three golden rules for all investors are: †¢Invest early  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Invest regularly †¢Invest for long term and not for short term This project will also help to understand the investors facet before investing in any of the investment tools and thus to scrutinize the important aspects of the investors before investing that further helped in analyzing the relation between the features of the products and the investors’ requirements. Who is investor? An investor is a person or entity that purchases assets with the objective of receiving a financial return. The assets an investor may buy range widely, but include stocks, bonds, real estate, commodities, and collectibles (e.g. art). The portfolio of an investor commonly includes a variety of assets that balance the rewards and risks of each investment. An investor is distinguished from a speculator, who seeks to make quick, large gains from price increases on risky assets. Generally, an investor has a longer time horizon for achieving a return, which may include regular cash payments from the income the asset generates, capital appreciation from the rise in the asset price, or bo Standing on the threshold of the economic revival of the Indian economy where the recovery and growth are already knocking at our door to usher the new order with a note of optimism. The potential of India as a market and as a manufacturing base continues to attract more and more interest of the world at large. Undoubtedly, lot of development is taking place in the investment pattern of the economy and its multiplier impact would be there to be witnessed over a period of years. Investment scenario is changing very rapidly. Emergence of modern instruments of investment like Mutual Funds, Systematic Investment Plan, RBI Bonds, and Infrastructure Bonds proves to be a better option for the investors in comparison to the old instruments of investment such as fixed deposits, savings, recurring deposits etc. This project deals with the thorough study of these modern instruments in respect of their returns, liquidity, and tenure & safety aspect etc.

Organization Theory and behavior-power and authority Essay

Achievement of organizational objective depends on organization structure which is dynamic. Organization structure defines the flow of power and authority geared toward a particular course of action directed by organization’s objective. For organization structure to help to organization objective it is dependent on the employees. Employees operation are guided by the organization supervisors, whose their role is defined in the organization structures. Supervisor operations are dependent of power and authority which help to ensure things in an organization are done in the right way as well as achieving organization goals and objective. In organization management power and authority are very important as they help the organization to be able to direct organization employee toward organizational goals. Power and authority are dependent on the leadership model in an organization. Organizational managers are the leaders who employees report to hence their performance is dependent on the leadership offered by the manager. Achievement of organizational goal shall only be possible if power and authority are employed effectively. Authority and power helps the management to be able to create a productive culture through social process to guide employees’ capacity towards attaining organization goals and objectives. Power and authority helps the leader â€Å"†¦to create, maintain and improve a culture so that people will achieve objective (purpose) and continue to do so over time†¦Leadership in an organizations is a more specific process of influence since it involves goal that have been specified and can be measured or at least evaluated achieved only through employment of power and authority)† (Macdonald, Burke & Stewart (2006) pp 80). To influence employees toward organization goal, management can employ three ways according to Macdonald, Burke & Stewart (2006). That is force, manipulation and persuasion. Use of force by the management involves employment of force as well as real application of physical force to compel employees to work. Concept of force requires power to as it call for imposing one person against other employees, often referred to as coercion. Manipulation takes form of social distortion which direct requires the subject to do as they are told without asking questions. Manipulation is different force in that there is no coercion and employees are convinced that they are doing the right thing. Persuasion in an organization attempt to influence the employee to act in a certain way geared towards achieving organizational objectives without force or manipulation. It is dependent on will of the employee and mutual trust. Employment of force manipulation in an organization is dependent on the power and authority bestowed to the various leader or supervisors in the organizational operations. In an organization, authority is provided for by the organizational structure. Organizational structure grants an outline formal distribution of authority in an organization. Authority in an organization is largely provided for by formalization meaning standardized as well as rule and regulations that govern employee operations. Formalization defines the discretion in which an employee can act in his/her duties. â€Å"In an organization with high degrees of formalization, job descriptions and policies provide clear direction. Where formalization is low, employees have a great deal of freedom in deciding how to conduct their work†. In an organization different department exhibit different degree of formalization which may be base on the qualification of the employee to the organization affairs or rank of the employee. Authority is related to power in that it legitimizes supervisors to be able to direct and control subordinates to the intended course of action. Authority helps the supervisor to make decision geared towards organizational objective. Organization has three form of authority namely line authority, staff authority as well as team authority all distributed in the organizational structure. Line authority refers to straight supervisory form superior to subordinate organized such that it flows from top to the bottom of organization structure. Organization structure gives the chain of command which is unbroken line of command defining the decision, making process within an organization. Chain of command defining the authority of different personality in an organization helps employees to know who they are answerable to. This helps to avoid problem of duplication organization activities which comes due to more than one person assigning duties. Line of authority which is the basis of chain of command is linked to line department which are directly connected to production and sales of the organizational products. Examples of line department are marketing and production responsible for performance of the employees and reward. Staff authority as compared to line authority is more pegged to authority to advice base on the expertise and involves advising line managers. Employees help the line departments in coming up with the advices to be used for decision making but they lack authority to make the last decision. Staff supervision through suggestions made by line department decides on what is to be carried in the line department, coordinate as well as provide technical assistance. Team authority is executed by work teams responsible for daily operations in an organization. It comprises of groups of operating employees responsible for coordination of the organization operations. Team based structure as define under team authority in an organization organizes separate functions based on the overall organizational objectives. Authority is dependent to power such that for a supervisor to be able to get things done in accordance to the objectives of the organization power is required. â€Å"Everyone has power in one form or another and it is by exercising this power that organization get thing accomplished. Supervisors who are capable of achieving their objective independently of others are said to possess strength†. To be able to include people in the plan as well as organizational activities, supervisor requires power to get organizational things accomplished. Therefore, power is capability to apply influence in the organizational ahead of authority. This is gotten from the position as established by the organizational structure. In an organization a legitimate power bestowed to various leaders in an organization is established by individual position according to organizational hierarchy. Other forms of power include coercive power, reward power, expert power, referent power as well as information power. Supervisors’ power toward course of action depends on influence in the organization giving authority which may be centralized or decentralized. Centralization means the decision making power is concentrated on top of the management while in decentralization form of decision making authority is in lower level of employees. Relation of authority and power is that authority is the legitimate power of a supervisor to be able to direct employee to a certain course of action in accordance to organization goals. In a nutshell authority is a form of power delegated from the organization main authorities to subordinate.